- Tolerance
- The allowable variation from a nominated dimension or level, set by the designer or specification. Tighter tolerances need more careful digging and checking, so it is worth knowing them before the job is priced and the right machine is chosen.
- Offset peg
- A marker set clear of the dig that lets lines and levels be re-established after the original peg is removed. It is usually set a measured distance from the line, and should be protected from passing machines, trucks and stockpiles.
- Over-dig
- Excavation deeper or wider than the design, which usually has to be corrected with compacted fill or extra concrete. Ask your engineer how over-dig should be fixed, because simply backfilling with loose soil leaves a weak layer underneath the footing.
- Invert level
- The level of the inside bottom of a pipe, pit or channel, shown on drainage plans. Trench depths are worked out from invert levels plus bedding, so each invert should be confirmed against the survey before digging starts.
- Pothole
- A small hand or vacuum-dug hole to expose a service and confirm its position and depth. Potholing is the usual way to check a marked service before any machine digging nearby, and it helps avoid costly damage and service outages.
- Formwork
- The temporary mould that holds concrete to shape, which relies on a neat, square excavation. Ragged or overwide trench sides make formwork harder to set out and brace, and may add concrete volume that the original estimate did not include.