- Finished level
- The final height of ground, paving or turf surface. It is shown on the landscape or drainage plan and must relate to floor levels, pits and boundaries so water drains away rather than ponding against the house or next door.
- Subgrade
- The prepared ground below the final layer. It is trimmed lower than finished level by the thickness of topsoil, bedding or base, and should be firm, free of debris and evenly shaped before turf, paving or mulch goes on top.
- Fall
- A slope that moves water off a surface. Falls direct water away from buildings toward drains, pits or garden areas, and are shown on plans as a ratio or percentage so the earthworker can set and check them on site.
- Edging
- A barrier between beds, lawn and paving. It may be steel, timber, concrete or brick, holds mulch and soil in place, stops grass spreading into beds and gives the finished landscape clean lines. Ideally, install it before turf goes down.
- Mulch
- A covering of organic material on garden beds to retain moisture and suppress weeds. It is usually spread soon after planting, kept back from plant stems, weep holes and house walls, and topped up as it breaks down over time.