- Invert
- The internal bottom level of a pipe, used to set the grade. Plumbers quote invert levels at each end of a run, and the trench floor is dug carefully to suit, allowing extra depth for the bedding material placed underneath.
- Potholing
- Small hand-dug or vacuum holes to expose a service and confirm where it is. Potholing gives the true depth and position, which plans alone cannot confirm, and is standard practice before machine digging near buried cables, gas or water lines.
- Bedding
- The fine sand or screenings layer a pipe rests on in the trench. It spreads the load evenly, keeps sharp rocks off the pipe and lets the plumber set accurate grades. The pipe installer specifies the bedding material and thickness.
- Reinstatement
- Returning the surface to an agreed finish after backfilling. It might mean topsoil and seed, turf, pavers or a concrete patch. Write the exact finish and materials into the quote, because reinstatement is often where expectations and prices differ most.
- Warning tape
- Coloured tape laid above a service to warn future diggers. It sits in the backfill a set distance above the pipe or conduit, and its colour and printed wording usually help identify the service type, such as electrical or gas.
- Spoil
- The soil and rock dug out of the trench. It is placed back from the edge so it does not fall in or load the walls. Agree whether it is reused as backfill or taken away, because rocky or clay spoil may not suit the pipe zone.