- Screeding
- Dragging a straight edge over the sand to a consistent depth. Rails or pipes are set to level on the base, the straight edge is pulled along them, and the rails are then removed and their channels filled before laying.
- Washed sand
- Sand rinsed to remove fines and clay, so it drains better. It is commonly used for pipe bedding, drainage layers and some paving. Washing also reduces staining and mud, though it costs a little more than unwashed or brickie's sand.
- Concrete sand
- A coarser grade used for mixing, bedding and some fill. Its more angular grains lock together better than fine sand and hold shape under load. Check whether your paver supplier or plumber accepts it before substituting it for specified sand.
- Fines
- Very small particles in sand that affect drainage and compaction. A little helps sand bind and compact, but too much clay or silt slows drainage, stains paving and turns soft when wet. Specifications limit fines for bedding and drainage sand.
- Bulking
- The change in volume when material is dug or moved. Loose sand or soil takes up more space than in the ground or once compacted, and moisture changes it. Allow for this when converting areas and depths into an order.
- Jointing sand
- Fine, dry sand swept into the gaps between laid pavers. It locks them together so they share load and do not rock. Some products include a binder that sets when wet, which resists washout and weeds but needs careful application.